A swollen jaw can be an alarming and uncomfortable condition, often signaling an underlying health issue that requires attention. Swelling in the jaw may result from a variety of causes, ranging from minor infections to more serious medical conditions. Learning the causes can help you determine when to seek professional care.
Common Causes of Jaw Swelling
1. Dental Infections
One of the most common causes of jaw swelling is a dental infection, such as an abscessed tooth. Dental infections occur when harmful bacteria invade the tooth pulp, leading to infection and inflammation. Symptoms often include severe pain, swelling, bad breath, and sometimes fever.
2. Wisdom Teeth Complications
Impacted teeth or partially erupted wisdom teeth can cause swelling in the jaw due to inflammation, infection, or pressure against neighboring teeth. In some cases, dental cysts may form around the impacted tooth, further contributing to jaw swelling.
3. Trauma or Injury
A blow to the face, fractured jaw, or soft tissue injury can result in swelling. Trauma may be accompanied by bruising, difficulty moving the jaw, and pain when chewing or speaking.
4. Salivary Gland Infection (Sialadenitis)
Blocked or infected salivary glands can cause swelling in the jaw and mouth. This condition may occur due to dehydration, bacterial infections, or salivary duct obstructions, leading to pain, dry mouth, and fever.
5. Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders
TMJ disorders can affect the jaw joint and surrounding muscles, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the jaw. This can result from teeth grinding (bruxism), arthritis, stress, or jaw misalignment.
6. Lymph Node Swelling
Lymph nodes in your neck and jaw may swell in response to infections, such as colds, flu, or strep throat. Swollen lymph nodes are often tender to the touch and may be accompanied by fever or general malaise.
7. Cysts and Tumors
Benign or malignant growths in the jawbone, salivary glands, or soft tissues can lead to persistent swelling. While many cysts are harmless, some tumours require medical evaluation and treatment.
8. Bone and Joint Infections (Osteomyelitis)
A bacterial infection in the jawbone, known as osteomyelitis, can lead to swelling, fever, and severe pain. This condition requires immediate medical intervention to prevent complications.
9. Autoimmune Diseases
Certain conditions, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, can cause inflammation in surrounding tissues and the jaw joint, leading to swelling and discomfort.
10. Allergic Reactions
Severe allergic reactions to food, medications, or insect bites can cause rapid swelling in the face and jaw. If swelling is accompanied by difficulty breathing or swallowing, emergency medical attention is necessary.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While some causes of jaw swelling may resolve on their own, others require prompt medical or dental intervention. Seek professional care if you experience:
- Persistent or worsening swelling
- Severe pain or difficulty opening your mouth
- Fever, chills, or other signs of infection
- Swelling accompanied by breathing or swallowing difficulties
A swollen jaw can stem from various causes, ranging from minor infections to serious health conditions. If you’re experiencing persistent or severe jaw swelling, contact us to schedule your dental visit today.